tourist destinations vacation: LOMBOK - History & Tradition Sasak tribe

The origins of the ethnic Sasak on Lombok can be traced from the word bouffant itself. Sasak etymologically, according to S. Goris, derived from valid word that means "go" and shaka which means "ancestor". By doing so, bouffant means "go to the land of the ancestors". The etymology of the Sasak are alleged ancestors of the Javanese; This is evident also from the script by residents of Lombok Sasak called "Jejawan", the Javanese script.

Sasak are the majority ethnic group in the Lombok. Their population is approximately 90% of the total population of Lombok. Other groups, such as Bali, Sumbawa, Java, Arabic, and Chinese, is a group of newcomers.

In addition to the amount of ethnic diversity, Lombok Island also has a variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Each group speaks its own language based. Sasak people, Bugis, and the Arab Muslim majority; Balinese are Hindu; and the Chinese people are Christian.

Based on their religious habits, Sasak can be divided into five time and Watu Telu. Five time characterized by a high adherence to the teachings of Islam.

While Watu Telu is time for those who still worship the spirits of the ancestors, various gods, and others in their locality. Although even for people who claim to be Muslim Sasak. In their daily life, customs tend to play a dominant role among the community Wetu telu; and in some cases there is a practice that is contrary to the teachings of Islam.

Although they are well aware that certain customary rule is contrary to the teachings of Islam, such as pay homage to the ancestors and the spirits of ancestors, komunitasv Watu Telu see that it is all a part of their religious tradition. Watu Telu not outline a clear boundary between tradition and religion. Therefore, mixed with the indigenous religion.

History

Lombok history can not be separated from the alternation of mastery and wars that happened in it, either internal conflicts, ie wars between kingdoms in Lombok, and externally, ie outside the control of the kingdoms of the island of Lombok. The development of Hindu and Buddhist era gave rise to several kingdoms such as Selaparang and parrots. These kingdoms subdued by the mastery of the Majapahit Empire, Gajah Mada expedition in the thirteenth century - XIV and mastery-Gel Gel kingdom of Bali in the sixth century.

Between Java, Bali, and Lombok memunyai some cultural similarities, such as in terms of language and writing, which if traced its origins rooted in the Hindu Javanese lot. This is not out of control of Majapahit influence is likely to send their family members to govern or establish a subordinate kingdom in Lombok.

Before the arrival of foreign influence to Lombok, Boda is a genuine belief Sasak people. Sasak people at that time, who hold this belief, call it Sasak Boda. Although there are similarities with the sound of the Buddha, Boda religion is not the same as Buddhism. Sasak people did not recognize Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha as a major figure of the cult and the teachings of enlightenment. Religion Boda Sasak people mainly characterized by animism and pantheism. Veneration and worship of ancestral spirits and a variety of other local deities is the main focus of religious practice Sasak-Boda.

Conversion to Islam Sasak people closely related to the reality of conquest from outside forces. Some foreign powers who conquered Lombok for centuries, largely determine how the Sasak absorb outside influences such.

Majapahit Empire entered Lombok and Hindu-Buddhism introduced to the Sasak. After the collapse of Majapahit, Islamic influences began to appear, and at that time also began to enter the area of Lombok. When that has been fused with Islamic teachings are full of mystical Sufism Java. People arrived in East Lombok Makassar in the 16th century and succeeded menguasa Selaparang ancient royal Sasak people. People from Makassar is successful spread of Islam in Lombok, although still tercampurkannya with local culture.

Balinese kingdom of Karangasem occupied West Lombok around the century-I7, and then consolidate its control over the whole of Lombok after defeating the Kingdom of Makassar in 1740. Government Bali shows great wisdom and tolerance to the Sasak people by allowing them to follow their own religion. However, under the rule of the kingdom of Bali, Sasak aristocracy that has terislamisasi and other leaders, such as Tuan Guru, feeling depressed and joined together to lead the many small rebellion against Bali, although it did not work.

This defeat prompted some Sasak aristocracy asked the Dutch military intervention to oust the kingdom of Bali. Demand that they provide an opportunity to enter the Netherlands for combat Lombok Bali dynasty. When the Dutch finally conquered and expelled Bali from Lombok. Instead of restoring power to the Lombok Sasak aristocracy, they become the new colonizers of the Sasak. Netherlands are taking land previously controlled by the Kingdom of Bali, and the high land tax impose on the population (kraan, 1976).

Language

Sasak language, especially aksaranya, very close to the Javanese and Balinese, using the same script system Ha Na Ca Ra Ka. But in pronunciation, Sasak language is closer to Bali. According to ethnologist who collects all the languages in the world, Sasak language is a family of Austronesian Malay-Polynesian, mix Sunda-Sulawesi, and Bali-Sasak.

When observed directly, a growing Sasak language of Lombok was very diverse, both dialect and vocabulary. It is very unique and can show many influences in its development. In general, the Sasak language can be classified into: Kuto-Kute (North Lombok), Ngeto-Ngete (East Lombok), Meno-Mene (Central Lombok), Ngeno-Ngene (Central Lombok), and Mriak-Mriku (South Lombok) .

Sasak Village People

The houses are very different in the Sasak people of Bali. In the plains, the Sasak people tend to be broad and transversely. The villages in remote mountain neat and follow a definite plan. In the north, spatial mountain villages ideal consisting of two rows of houses (bale), with a line on one side of the granary. And in between the houses there are a row of open-sided hall (beruga) was built in the top six poles. Other buildings in the village is a large house (bale bele) belonging to the religious authorities, who supposedly inhabited by the powerful ancestral spirits. Semtara actual ancestral graves are wooden houses and small bamboo built on it.

Actually, in many parts of Indonesia, Sasak house windowless and dark. Used primarily for cooking, sleeping, and storage of heirloom society spend very little time in the house all day. Provide open Hall stage seating for daily activities and social relationships. Hall is also used for sleep and for the ceremony: the bodies are placed here before being moved to the cemetery.

In the villages of the south, the stage under the granary same role with the hall. In the northern part (not all villages in the north has a granary). There are four basic types of barns with different sizes. The biggest one is usually owned by the rich or noble descent. All, except the kind of small granary, has a stage below.

Community structure

Society is seen as a native Sasak Lombok Island. They know a coating or a classification society. In socio-political, Sasak people can be classified into two main levels, namely the nobility, commonly called perwangsa and most vulnerable in society are called rows of coral or Ama nation.

Perwangsa class is divided into two levels, the lower nobility nobles and rulers. The nobles ruling datu or perwangsa use the title. Mention to the class of men and women are raden nobleman called fines. If the group has reached the age raden mature enough and was appointed to replace his father's position, they are entitled to use the title of datu. Change the title was done after going through certain ceremonies.

Triwangsa lower nobility or use the title Baiq for men and for women. The last level is called coral row, calls for men and women is LOQ was le. The first and second class, commonly called permenak.

In keeping with its status, in addition to class permenak higher than the row of coral, a ruler and owner of the resources large farms. When the ruling dynasty of Karangasem Bali, Lombok, class permenak only served as Sasak pembekel in populated areas.

Sasak homage to the group permenak based bonding tradition passed down through generations and is based on Islamic cultural ties. The foundation of social stratification Sasak follow the male lineage (patrilineal).

In the realm of belief, Lombok people familiar with the three groups of the religion professed by the Sasak people, groups Boda, Time Telu, and Islam. Boda group in the form of a small community settled in the northern mountains and in the ranks of mountain valley south of Lombok. Boda is a group of Sasak people in terms of ethnicity, culture, and language of belief idolatry. They fled to the mountains in an attempt to escape or avoid Islamization in Lombok.

The name given to the followers of Time Telu beliefs that serve three times in the month of fasting, the praying Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr. Outside the fasting month, they only once a week to worship, on Thursday and Friday, when the time of Asar. Praying and fasting matters submitted to their religious leaders, scholars and that the prince.

On certain days the population giving alms to religious leaders. They only perform the tasks assigned by the scholars. All scholars Time Barbadensis not implement the zakat and hajj. Time adherent areas Barbadensis include parrots and cape in West Lombok, and Suranadi Sembalun plateau in East Lombok and Central Lombok Pujut.

Even though kinship Sasak impressed bilateral, more embracing patrilineal pattern. Kinship pattern is called Wiring sometimes affect the rights and obligations of citizens. Elements of kinship that includes father, grandfather, brother of the father (uncle), the boy's father's brother (cousin), and their children. Citizens group Wiring sometimes assume responsibility for family problems, which is especially noticeable during the preparation of one member relative marriage. Heritage issues and their right arrangement.

Inheritance is usually called a library containing noble values and shaped like land, houses, and other objects that are considered sacred. Sacred objects, among others, in the form of clothing, a dagger, and gems. The people of Bali in Lombok also has a similar pattern of kinship and called purusa. Their lineage based on the paternal line. As in the Sasak, they called inheritance pattern of inheritance.

As previously described, the life of the Sasak people assume more responsibilities to the royal power. While in some villages, such as Praya and Sakra, have the right fief, that is, free from taxation. However, the obligation getih apathy, which participated in the battle royal remains to be fulfilled. Royal grant in respect of their services that have helped in winning the war.

The lives of farmers in general have always been under "oppression" of the nobles and royal officials. Many of their farms were taken over by the king on the right of the previous communal foreclosure. Many who do not have the land belonged to the royal heir. In addition, the demands of work are required to make the nobles often arbitrarily take their children to become workers and maids.

Whereas on the farms of farmers desperately need their children's labor. The farmers sell agricultural produce to the traders at the bottom of the port and instead they obtain other goods from the trade lane anyway. Royal power greatly affects the lives of rural communities.